Amakuru - Ifu y'umukara w'umwimerere: Ibisobanuro ku mirire

I. Intangiriro

Ibihumyo by’umukara by’umwimerere, bizwi kandi ku izina rya Auricularia auricula cyangwa fungus y’amatwi y’ibicu, byakunze gukoreshwa cyane mu biryo byo muri Aziya no mu buvuzi gakondo mu binyejana byinshi. Iki gihumyo kidasanzwe, gifite ibara ryijimye kandi gifite imiterere nk’iy’amatwi, si ikintu gishimishije gusa mu guteka ahubwo ni n’intungamubiri zikomeye. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, gukundwa kwaifu y'ibihumyo by'umukara by'umwimerere yazamutse cyane uko abantu benshi bavumbura ibyiza byayo ku buzima. Reka turebere hamwe ibitekerezo ku mirire y'iki gihumyo gitangaje, turebe impamvu gihinduka inyongeramusaruro ikunzwe cyane mu muryango w'abagiraneza n'ubuzima bwiza.

Vitamine n'imyunyu ngugu by'ingenzi mu bihumyo by'umukara by'umwimerere

Ibihumyo by’umukara by’umwimerere ni ikintu cy’agaciro gakomeye mu mirire, kirimo vitamine n’imyunyu ngugu by’ingenzi bigira uruhare mu buzima bwiza no mu mibereho myiza muri rusange. Iki gihumyo kidasaza gifite intungamubiri zitangaje zituma kiba inyongera y’agaciro ku ndyo iyo ari yo yose.

Kimwe mu bintu bidasanzwe biranga fungus y'umukara ni icyuma kinini kirimo. Ubutare ni ingenzi mu gukora hemoglobine, itwara ogisijeni mu mubiri wose. Ku bantu bafite ikibazo cyo kubura icyuma cyangwa amaraso make, gushyira fungus y'umukara mu mirire yabo bishobora kuba ingirakamaro.

Kalisiyumu, indi myunyu ngugu y'ingenzi iboneka mu bihumyo by'umukara, igira uruhare runini mu gukomeza amagufwa n'amenyo. Ni ingenzi kandi ku mikorere myiza y'imitsi no gutanga amakuru ku mitsi. Ingano ya kalisiyumu mu bihumyo by'umukara ituma iba amahitamo meza ku bashaka kongera kalisiyumu yabo binyuze mu bintu karemano.

Ibihumyo by'umukara bikungahaye kuri fosifore, imyunyu ngugu ikorana na kalisiyumu mu kubaka amagufwa n'amenyo bikomeye. Fosifore igira uruhare mu mirimo myinshi y'umubiri, harimo gukora ingufu no gukora uturemangingo tw'uturemangingo.

Ku bijyanye na vitamine, ibihumyo by'umukara birimo riboflavin (vitamini B2) na niacin (vitamini B3). Izi vitamine B ni ingenzi cyane mu gukora ingufu no kubungabunga uruhu, umusatsi n'inzara. Binagira uruhare mu gushyigikira uturemangingo tw'imitsi n'imikorere y'ubwonko.

Igishimishije ni uko ibihumyo by'umukara ari bimwe mu bikomoka kuri vitamine D bitari inyamaswa. Iyi vitamine y'izuba ni ingenzi mu kwinjiza kalisiyumu no kugira ubuzima bwiza bw'amagufwa, bigatumaifu y'ibihumyo by'umukara by'umwimerereby’ingenzi cyane ku bantu bakurikiza indyo ishingiye ku bimera cyangwa abantu bafite izuba rike.

Kuba hari antioxydants mu bihumyo by’umukara ntibikwiye kwirengagizwa. Ibi bintu bikomeye bifasha kurinda uturemangingo ku mvubura kandi bishobora no kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara zidakira. Nubwo hakenewe ubushakashatsi bwinshi kugira ngo dusobanukirwe neza imiterere ya antioxydants y’ibihumyo by’umukara, ubushakashatsi bwa mbere bwerekana ko birimo polyphenols n’ibindi bimera by’ingirakamaro.

Ni gute ikinyabutabire cy’umukara w’umwimerere cyongera ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri?

Imiterere yo kongera imbaraga z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bw'ibihumyo by'umukara byakunzwe cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha. Iki gihumyo gitangaje gisa nkaho gifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gushyigikira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, bigatuma kiba inshuti ikomeye mu kubungabunga ubuzima bwiza muri rusange.

Ishingiro ry'ubushobozi bw'ubudahangarwa bw'ibihumyo by'umukara ni polysaccharides zabyo. Ibi binyabutabire by'urusobe byagaragaye ko bitera imbaraga mu gukora no gukora uturemangingo dutandukanye tw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, harimo uturemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri na macrophages. Mu kongera ubushobozi bw'umubiri bwo kwirinda indwara, ibinyabutabire by'umukara bishobora gufasha mu gukomeza inzira ya mbere yo kwirinda indwara ziterwa n'udukoko.

Beta-glucans, ubwoko bwihariye bwa polysaccharide iboneka mu bihumyo by'umukara, byakoreweho ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku ngaruka zayo zo guhindura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Ibi binyabutabire bishobora gufatana n'udukingirizo ku turemangingo tw'umubiri, bigatera urukurikirane rw'ibintu bituma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri burushaho kuba bwiza. Uku gukora k'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bishobora gufasha umubiri guhangana neza n'ibibazo bishobora kubaho.

Imiterere y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri (antioxidant)ifu y'ibihumyo by'umukara by'umwimerereNanone kandi, igira uruhare mu kongera imbaraga z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Mu kugabanya ibintu byangiza birwanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, antioxydants zifasha kugabanya stress ya oxidative ku turemangingo, harimo n'utw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Iyi ngaruka yo kurinda ishobora gufasha kubungabunga ubusugire n'imikorere y'uturemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, bigatuma dukora neza inshingano zacu.

Uruhare rw'ibihumyo by'umukara by'umwimerere mu buvuzi gakondo

Ibihumyo by’umukara by’umwimerere byabaye inkingi y’ingenzi mu buvuzi gakondo mu binyejana byinshi, cyane cyane mu mico yo muri Aziya. Ikoreshwa ryabyo ryatangiye mu myaka ibihumbi ishize, aho abavuzi ba kera bemeye ko bishobora kuvura mbere yuko siyansi ya none isobanura ibyiza byabyo.

Mu buvuzi gakondo bw'Abashinwa (TCM), ibihumyo by'umukara, bizwi ku izina rya "hei muer," byakoreshejwe mu kuvura indwara zitandukanye. Bikekwa ko bifite ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha kandi akenshi bihabwa "kugaburira yin" no "gukuraho ubushyuhe" mu mubiri. Ibi bitekerezo muri TCM bihuye no kugabanya ubushyuhe no kuringaniza imikorere y'umubiri mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi bwo mu Burengerazuba.

Imwe mu mikoreshereze gakondo y’ibihumyo by’umukara ni ukunoza urujya n’uruza rw’amaraso. Abakora muri TCM bamaze igihe kinini bizera ko ibihumyo by’umukara bishobora gufasha "kongera imbaraga z’amaraso" no gukuraho imitsi y’amaraso idakora neza, ibi bikaba bivugwa ko ari byo bitera ibibazo byinshi by’ubuzima. Uku gukoreshwa gakondo kurahuye n’ubushakashatsi bugezweho bugaragaza koifu y'ibihumyo by'umukara by'umwimerereishobora kugira ubushobozi bwo kurwanya amaraso kugabanuka, ishobora gufasha mu gukumira kubyimba kw'amaraso.

Ibihumyo by'umukara byakunze gukoreshwa mu gushyigikira ubuzima bw'ubuhumekero. Akenshi bikunze gushyirwa mu miti ivura inkorora, asima, n'ibindi bibazo bifitanye isano n'ibihaha. Nubwo hakenewe ubushakashatsi bwinshi kugira ngo hemezwe izi ngaruka, hari ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ibihumyo by'umukara bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bushobora gufasha ubuzima bw'ubuhumekero.

Mu buvuzi gakondo, ibihumyo by'umukara bikunze kwitabwaho ku buzima bw'abagore. Bikekwa ko bifasha mu kugena imihango no kugabanya ububabare mu gihe cy'imihango. Bamwe mu baganga banabikoresha mu gufasha gukira nyuma yo kubyara, nubwo ibi bisaba ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwa siyansi.

Iyi fungus yakoreshejwe mu miti gakondo yo kuvura ibibazo by’igogora. Ingano yayo nyinshi ya fibre ijyanye n’ikoreshwa ryayo mu kuvura impatwe no guteza imbere ubuzima bwiza bw’amara muri rusange. Bamwe mu bavuzi gakondo nabo bizera ko ishobora gufasha mu gusukura umwijima, nubwo iki gitekerezo gikeneye inkunga ya siyansi.

Umwanzuro

Ikinyabutabire cy’umukara w’umwimerere gitanga uruvange rushimishije rw’inyungu z’imirire, ubushobozi bwo kongera ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, n’imikoreshereze gakondo y’ubuvuzi. Kuva ku bikungahaye kuri vitamine n’imyunyu ngugu kugeza ku ruhare rwacyo mu gushyigikira imikorere y’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri n’ubuzima muri rusange, iki gihumyo cyoroheje gifite byinshi cyatanga. Uko ubushakashatsi bukomeza gusobanura ingorane zacyo, dushobora kuvumbura uburyo bwinshi ubwinshi bw’ibihumyo by’umukara bushobora kugira uruhare mu mibereho myiza yacu.

Ku bashaka kumenya byinshi kuriifu y'ibihumyo by'umukara by'umwimereren'ibindi bikomoka ku bimera, BIOWAY INDUSTRIAL GROUP LTD itanga ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibimera byiza kandi by'umwimerere. Itsinda ryabo ry'inzobere rihora ryiteguye gutanga amakuru arambuye no gusubiza ibibazo byose ushobora kuba ufite. Ku bindi bibazo, ushobora kubahamagara kurigrace@biowaycn.com.

Amareferensi

1. 1. 1. (Auricularia auricula)." Ikinyamakuru cy'ibiribwa bifatika, 56, 195-206.
    2. Zhang, Y., et al. (2020). "Imirimo yo kwirinda kwa polysaccharides ikomoka kuri Auricularia auricula." Ikinyamakuru Mpuzamahanga cy'Amakarolekisi y'Ibinyabuzima, 158, 707-715.
    3. Luo, Y., n'abandi (2018). "Imikoreshereze gakondo, phytochimie, farumasi na toxiology ya Auricularia auricula-judae (Fr.) Quél: Isuzuma." Ikinyamakuru cya Ethnopharmacology, 220, 262-278.
    4. Wang, X., n'abandi (2021). "Uruhare rwa Auricularia auricula-Judae mu buvuzi gakondo bw'Abashinwa no mu buvuzi bwa none bw'imiti: Isuzuma ryuzuye." Phytomedicine, 84, 153295.
    5. Liu, J., et al. (2017). "Ibikorwa byo kurwanya ogisijeni n'ubushyuhe by'ibimera byatoranijwe n'ibihumyo birimo ibintu bya phenolic na flavonoid." Ubuvuzi bw'Abashinwa, 12(1), 11.