Anthocyanin ni iki?

Imiterere ya Anthocyanines
Anthocyanine ziri mu bwoko bw'ibinyabutabire bizwi nka flavonoids, ari byo bwoko bwa polyphenol. Ni ibinyabutabire bishongera mu mazi biboneka mu turemangingo tw'ibimera. Ibara rya anthocyanine riratandukanye bitewe na pH y'ibidukikije, aho amabara atukura agaragara mu miterere ya aside n'amabara y'ubururu mu miterere ya alkaline. Iyi miterere idasanzwe ituma anthocyanine zigira agaciro nk'ibipimo karemano bya pH.
Anthocyanine zigizwe n'imiterere y'ibanze yitwa anthocyanidin, ifatanye n'umwe mu miterere y'isukari imwe cyangwa nyinshi. Anthocyanidine zikunze kugaragara cyane zirimo cyanidin, delphinidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin, na malvidin. Izi anthocyanidine zishobora kuboneka mu buryo butandukanye kandi mu bipimo bitandukanye mu bimera bitandukanye, bigatuma habaho amabara menshi n'imiterere itandukanye ya shimi.

Amasoko ya Anthocyanines
Anthocyanine ziboneka cyane mu bidukikije kandi zishobora kuboneka mu mbuto nyinshi, imboga n'indabyo. Zimwe mu masoko akungahaye kuri anthocyanine zirimo imbuto nka blueberries, blackberries, raspberries, na strawberries. Izindi mbuto nka cherries, imizabibu, na plums nazo zirimo anthocyanine nyinshi. Uretse imbuto, imboga nka amashu atukura, ibitunguru bitukura, na eggplants ni isoko nziza y'izi rangi.
Ibara ry'indabyo, cyane cyane mu ibara ry'umutuku, umuhengeri n'ubururu, akenshi riterwa n'uko hari anthocyanins. Ingero z'indabyo zikungahaye kuri anthocyanins zirimo indabyo z'indabyo, pansies, na petunias. Ubwinshi bw'ibimera birimo anthocyanins butanga amahirwe menshi yo gushyiramo ibi bintu mu mirire y'abantu.

Akamaro ka Anthocyanines ku buzima
Anthocyanine zakoreweho ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bitewe n'inyungu zishobora kugira ku buzima. Izi myunyungugu zifite imiterere ikomeye ya antioxydants, ifasha kurinda uturemangingo kwangirika kwa oxidative guterwa na free radicals. Oxidative stress yagaragaye ko iterwa n'indwara zitandukanye zidakira, zirimo kanseri, indwara z'umutima n'imitsi, ndetse n'indwara zo kwangirika kw'ubwonko. Mu gukuraho free radicals, anthocyanine igira uruhare mu gukumira izi ndwara.
Uretse ingaruka zayo zo kurwanya indwara ziterwa na antioxidant, anthocyanines byagaragaye ko ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ububyimbirwe. Ububyimbirwe budakira ni ikintu gikunze kugaragara mu ndwara nyinshi, kandi ubushobozi bwa anthocyanines bwo kugabanya ububyimbirwe bushobora kugira ingaruka nziza ku buzima muri rusange. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje kandi ko anthocyanines ishobora gufasha ubuzima bw'umutima n'imitsi binyuze mu kunoza imikorere y'imitsi y'amaraso no kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima.
Byongeye kandi, anthocyanines zagiye zifitanye isano no kunoza imikorere y'ubwonko n'ubuzima bwiza bw'ubwonko. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko izi myunyungugu zishobora gufasha mu kurinda igabanuka ry'ubwonko riterwa n'izabukuru n'indwara z'ubwonko nka Alzheimer's na Parkinson's. Ingaruka zishobora guterwa na anthocyanins zituma ziba ahantu hashimishije ho kwigwaho mu gukumira no kuvura indwara z'ubwonko.

Uburyo Anthocyanines ishobora gukoreshwa
Akamaro k'anthocyanine ku buzima katumye zishyirwa mu biryo n'ibinyobwa bitandukanye. Ibinyabutabire bikungahaye kuri anthocyanine bikoreshwa nk'irangi karemano ry'ibiryo, bigatanga ubundi buryo bwo gusiga amarangi y'ubukorikori. Aya marangi karemano akoreshwa mu kongera ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa nka imitobe, yawurute, ice cream, n'ibindi bicuruzwa biryoshye. Gushaka ibintu karemano kandi bifite ikirango cyiza byatumye anthocyanine ikoreshwa mu nganda z'ibiribwa.

Uretse ikoreshwa ryabyo nk'imiti irangi ku biribwa, anthocyanine zirimo gusuzumwa kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu kuvura. Harimo kwigwa ku ruhare rwabyo mu guteza imbere ibiryo bikora neza n'inyongeramusaruro mu mirire bigamije guteza imbere ubuzima bwiza. Inganda zikora imiti zirimo kandi gukora ubushakashatsi ku bushobozi bwa anthocyanine mu guteza imbere imiti mishya ivura indwara zitandukanye.

Byongeye kandi, inganda zikora ibijyanye no kwisiga zagaragaje ko zishishikajwe na anthocyanines bitewe n’uko zirwanya ubushyuhe n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri. Izi mvange zirimo gushyirwa mu bikoresho byo kwita ku ruhu kugira ngo zirinde ibintu bibangamira ibidukikije no guteza imbere ubuzima bw’uruhu. Inkomoko karemano n’akamaro ka anthocyanines bituma ziba ibikoresho bikurura ikorwa ry’ibikoresho byo kwisiga.

Umwanzuro
Anthocyanine ni ibara karemano riboneka mu bimera bitandukanye, ritanga amabara meza n'inyungu nyinshi ku buzima. Ingaruka zaryo zo kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya ubushyuhe, ndetse n'ingaruka zishobora kurinda ubwonko zituma riba imvange y'agaciro mu guteza imbere ubuzima bwiza muri rusange. Uko ubushakashatsi bukomeza kugaragaza ikoreshwa rya anthocyanine, kuboneka kwazo mu biribwa, ibinyobwa, imiti n'ibicuruzwa byo kwisiga bishobora kwiyongera, bigatuma abaguzi babona ibyiza by'iyi mvange itangaje.

Amareferensi:
He, J., Giusti, MM (2010). Anthocyanins: Amabara karemano afite imiterere iteza imbere ubuzima. Isuzuma ngarukamwaka rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga ku biribwa, 1, 163-187.
Wallace, TC, Giusti, MM (2015). Anthocyanines. Iterambere mu mirire, 6 (5), 620-622.
Pojer, E., Mattivi, F., Johnson, D., Stockley, CS (2013). Ikibazo cyo gukoresha Anthocyanin mu guteza imbere ubuzima bw'abantu: Isuzuma. Isuzuma ryuzuye mu bumenyi bw'ibiribwa n'umutekano w'ibiribwa, 12 (5), 483-508.