Icyayi cy'umukara, kizwiho uburyohe bukungahaye kandi gikomeye, ni ikinyobwa kizwi cyane cyishimira amamiriyoni ku isi. Kimwe mu bintu bishimishije byicyayi cyirabura ni ibara ryacyo ritukura iyo ritetse. Iyi ngingo igamije gucukumbura impamvu zubumenyi zitera ibara ryumutuku wicyayi cyirabura, kumurika inzira yimiti igira uruhare muriki kibazo.
Ibara ritukura ryicyayi cyirabura rishobora guterwa no kuba hari ibice byihariye bihindura imiti mugihe cyo gukora icyayi. Ibikoresho byibanze bishinzwe ibara ryumutuku ni thearubigins na theaflavine, bigizwe no okiside ya polifenol yicyayi mugihe cya fermentation cyangwa okiside icyayi cyumukara.
Mugihe cyo gukora icyayi cyirabura, amababi yicyayi akorerwa ibintu byinshi, birimo gukama, kuzunguruka, okiside, no gukama. Mu gihe cya okiside niho polifenole yicyayi, cyane cyane catechine, ikorwa na okiside ya enzymatique, bigatuma habaho thearubigins natheaflavins. Izi nteruro zishinzwe ibara ritukura rikungahaye hamwe nuburyohe bwicyayi cyirabura.
Thearubigins, byumwihariko, nibintu binini bya polifenolike bitukura-umukara. Byakozwe binyuze muri polymerisation ya catechine nizindi flavonoide ziboneka mumababi yicyayi. Ku rundi ruhande, Theaflavins ni ibice bito bya polifenolike nabyo bigira uruhare mu ibara ritukura ry'icyayi cy'umukara.
Ibara ry'umutuku w'icyayi cy'umukara rirushaho kwiyongera bitewe na anthocyanine, ari zo pigment zishonga amazi ziboneka mu bihingwa bimwe na bimwe by'icyayi. Izi pigment zirashobora gutanga ibara ryumutuku icyayi cyatetse, ukongeraho umwirondoro wamabara muri rusange.
Usibye guhindura imiti ibaho mugihe cyo gutunganya icyayi, ibintu nkubwoko butandukanye bwicyayi cyicyayi, imiterere ikura, hamwe nubuhanga bwo gutunganya bishobora no guhindura ibara ritukura ryicyayi cyirabura. Kurugero, urwego rwa okiside, igihe cya fermentation, hamwe nubushyuhe amababi yicyayi atunganyirizwamo byose bishobora guhindura ibara ryanyuma ryicyayi cyatetse.
Mu gusoza, ibara ritukura ryicyayi cyirabura nigisubizo cyimikoranire ihuza imiti hamwe nibikorwa bigira uruhare mubikorwa byayo. Thearubigins, theaflavins, na anthocyanine nizo zigira uruhare runini mu ibara ryumutuku wicyayi cyumukara, hamwe no gushinga no gukorana kwabyo mugihe cyo gutunganya icyayi bituma habaho ibara nuburyohe bwibi binyobwa ukunda.
Reba:
Gramza-Michałowska A. Gutera Icyayi: Igikorwa cyabo cya Antioxydeant hamwe na Profili ya Fenolike. Ibiryo. 2020; 9 (4): 507.
Jilani T, Iqbal M, Nadeem M, n'abandi. Gutunganya icyayi cyirabura nubwiza bwicyayi cyirabura. J Ibiryo Sci Technol. 2018; 55 (11): 4109-4118.
Jumtee K, Komura H, Bamba T, Fukusaki E. Guhanura icyayi kibisi cyicyayi cyerekanwe na gazi chromatografiya / mass spectrometrie ishingiye kuri hydrophilique metabolite igikumwe. J Biosci Bioeng. 2011; 111 (3): 255-260.
Komes D, Horžić D, Belščak-Cvitanović A, n'abandi. Imiterere ya fenolike hamwe na antioxydeant ya bimwe mubihingwa gakondo bivura imiti byatewe nigihe cyo gukuramo na hydrolysis. Phytochem Anal. 2011; 22 (2): 172-180.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-09-2024
