Amabara y'ubururu yemerewe kongerwa mu biribwa mu gihugu cyanjye arimo ibara ry'ubururu rya gardenia, phycocyanin na indigo. Ibara ry'ubururu rya Gardenia rikorwa mu mbuto za Rubiaceae gardenia. Amabara ya Phycocyanin akunze gukurwamo kandi agatunganywa mu bimera bya algae nka spirulina, algae y'ubururu-icyatsi, na nostoc. Indigo y'ibimera ikorwa binyuze mu gushyushya amababi y'ibimera birimo indole nka indigo indigo, woad indigo, wood indigo, na horse indigo. Anthocyanin na zo ni amabara asanzwe mu biribwa, kandi amwe mu mabara ya anthocyanin ashobora gukoreshwa nk'amabara y'ubururu mu biribwa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Benshi mu nshuti zanjye bakunda kwitiranya ubururu bwa blueberry n'ubururu bwa phycocyanin. Noneho reka tuvuge ku itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibyo byombi.
Phycocyanin ni ikinyabutabire cya spirulina, igikoresho fatizo cy’ingirakamaro, gishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibara karemano mu biribwa, amavuta yo kwisiga, imiti y’ubuvuzi, n'ibindi.
Mu Burayi, phycocyanin ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo by'amabara kandi ikoreshwa ku bwinshi butagira umupaka. Mu bihugu nk'Ubushinwa, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubuyapani, na Megizike, phycocyanin ikoreshwa nk'isoko y'ibara ry'ubururu mu biribwa n'ibinyobwa bitandukanye. Ikoreshwa kandi nk'umuti usiga irangi mu ntungamubiri n'imiti mu rugero ruri hagati ya 0.4g na 40g/kg, bitewe n'ubujyakuzimu bw'ibara rikenewe ku biribwa.
Imbuto z'ubururu
Blueberry ni ibiryo bishobora kugaragaza ubururu mu buryo butaziguye. Hari ibiryo bike cyane bishobora kugaragaza ubururu mu miterere yabyo. Bizwi kandi nka lingonberry. Ni kimwe mu biti bito by'imbuto. Bikomoka muri Amerika. Kimwe mu biribwa by'ubururu. Ibintu byayo bifite ibara ry'ubururu ahanini ni anthocyanins. Anthocyanins, izwi kandi nka anthocyanins, ni ubwoko bw'amabara karemano ashongeshwa n'amazi aboneka cyane mu bimera. Biri muri flavonoids kandi ahanini biba mu buryo bwa glycosides, bizwi kandi nka anthocyanins. Ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bituma habaho amabara meza y'indabyo z'ibimera n'imbuto. Ishingiro.
Inkomoko y'ubururu bw'ubururu n'ubw'ubururu bw'ibimera bitandukanye
Phycocyanin ivanwa muri spirulina kandi ni poroteyine y'ubururu ifite ibara ry'ubururu. Imbuto z'ubururu zibona ibara ry'ubururu muri anthocyanin, ari zo mvubura za flavonoid, ibara ry'amazi rishongera. Abantu benshi batekereza ko phycocyanin ari ubururu, naho blueberries nazo zikaba ubururu, kandi akenshi ntibashobora kumenya niba ibiryo byongewemo phycocyanin cyangwa blueberries. Mu by'ukuri, umutobe w'ubururu ni umuhengeri, kandi ibara ry'ubururu rya blueberries riterwa na anthocyanin. Kubwibyo, igereranya hagati y'ibyo byombi ni igereranya hagati ya phycocyanin na anthocyanin.
Phycocyanin na anthocyanin bitandukanye mu ibara no mu buryo buhamye
Phycocyanin irahamye cyane iyo iri mu mazi cyangwa ikomeye, ni ubururu bwerurutse, kandi ihindagurika rizagabanuka uko bigaragara iyo ubushyuhe burenze dogere selisiyusi 60, ibara ry'umuti rizahinduka kuva ku bururu-icyatsi rikagera ku muhondo-icyatsi, kandi izashira hamwe na alkali ikomeye.
Ifu ya Anthocyanin ni umutuku wijimye w'iroza kugeza ku mutuku wijimye woroshye.
Anthocyanin irahindagurika cyane kurusha phycocyanin, igaragaza amabara atandukanye kuri pH itandukanye, kandi ikunda cyane aside na alkali. Iyo pH iri munsi ya 2, anthocyanin iba itukura cyane, iyo ntarengwa, anthocyanin iba ibara ry'umuhengeri, iyo ari alkali, anthocyanin iba ibara ry'ubururu, naho iyo pH irenze 11, anthocyanin iba ibara ry'icyatsi cyijimye. Kubwibyo, muri rusange ikinyobwa cyongeweho na anthocyanin kiba ibara ry'umuhengeri, kandi kiba ibara ry'ubururu iyo hari alkali nke. Ibinyobwa byongewemo phycocyanin ubusanzwe biba bifite ibara ry'ubururu.
Imbuto z'ubururu zishobora gukoreshwa nk'irangi karemano ry'ibiryo. Nk'uko Ikigo cy'Ubuvuzi cya Amerika kibitangaza, abaturage ba mbere b'Abanyamerika batekaga amata n'ubururu kugira ngo bakore irangi ry'ikijuju. Bigaragara mu igerageza ryakozwe mu Nzu Ndangamurage y'Igihugu yo Gushushanya Imbuto z'Ubururu ko gushushanya imbuto z'ubururu atari ubururu.
Phycocyanin ni ibara ry'ubururu ryemerewe kongerwa mu biribwa
Ibikoresho fatizo by’amabara karemano bituruka ku masoko atandukanye (ava mu nyamaswa, ibimera, udukoko duto, imyunyu ngugu, nibindi) n’ubwoko butandukanye (ubwoko bugera kuri 600 bwanditswe mu 2004), ariko amabara karemano akorwa muri ibyo bikoresho ahanini ni umutuku n’umuhondo. Ahanini, amabara y’ubururu ni make cyane, kandi akunze kuvugwa mu nyandiko hamwe n’amagambo nka "agaciro", "ke cyane", na "ake cyane". Mu itegeko rya GB2760-2011 "Amahame Ngenderwaho y’Isuku ku Ikoreshwa ry’Inyongera ku Biryo", amabara y’ubururu yonyine ashobora kongerwa mu biribwa ni gardenia blue pigment, phycocyanin, na indigo. Kandi muri 2021, "Amahame Ngenderwaho y’Igihugu y’Umutekano w’Ibiribwa - Inyongera ku Biryo Spirulina" (GB30616-2020) azashyirwa mu bikorwa ku mugaragaro.
Phycocyanin ni fluorescent
Phycocyanin ni fluorescent kandi ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikintu gifasha mu bushakashatsi ku bijyanye n'ubushyuhe n'izuba mu binyabuzima no mu bijyanye n'ibinyabuzima. Anthocyanin ntabwo ari fluorescent.
Shyira mu ncamake
1.Phycocyanin ni ibara rya poroteyine riboneka mu bimera bitandukanye bitanga ibara ry'ubururu, umutuku, cyangwa umuhengeri.
2. Phycocyanin ifite imiterere n'imiterere bitandukanye bya molekile ugereranije na anthocyanin.
3. Phycocyanin yagaragaje ibyiza bitandukanye ku buzima, birimo ingaruka zo kurwanya indwara ziterwa na antioxidant n'izirwanya ububyimbirwe, mu gihe anthocyanin nayo yagaragaye ko ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ububyimbirwe n'ububyimbirwe, ndetse n'inyungu zishobora kugirira akamaro ubuzima bw'umutima n'imitsi.
4. Phycocyanin ikoreshwa mu biryo bitandukanye n'ibicuruzwa byo kwisiga, mu gihe anthocyanin ikunze gukoreshwa nk'irangi ry'ibiribwa cyangwa inyongeramusaruro.
5. Phycocyanin ifite igipimo cy’igihugu cy’umutekano w’ibiribwa, mu gihe anthocyanin yo nta cyo ifite.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 26 Mata 2023
